Bibliography is the list of the sources used for a research paper or homework. It is attached at the end of the paper in alphabetic order. In the case that a work including in book, internet, journal, database or newspaper produced by the others shall be used in our works, it is our legal and moral liability to mention the owner of the workpiece. If you pretend the citation is your own idea, it is a crime. We as Marmara College use MLA (Modern Language Association of America) for bibliography. Teachers are liable to warn the students to obey the bibliography rules for the papers. It is forbidden to use the sources which are not reliable in the papers.
Bibliography Preparation
It is a must to state the bibliographic information (name of the author, name of the work, publishing place, publishing house, publishing date etc.) in relation to the citation and references in the papers in the bibliography. The first letter of the book or other sources must be capital and written in italic. It is required to determine the place where the sources used are published (printed, web, pdf, CD, DVD, TV etc.)
Example: If the source is a book which has a writer:
Author’s Surname, name. Book’s name. Publishing place: Publishing house, publishing year. Edition
Tekin, Latife. Sevgili Arsız Ölüm. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2014. Baskı.
1. Citation-Transfer
Citation (Quotation)
Citation is the way of telling a group of words which are taken from any sources by someone other than the original writer. It is required to use the quotation marks and state the surname of the original writer and page number of the information.
Example: “cited statement” (surname page no).
Reporting
If you tell the information in an original works with your own words, you do not need to use quotation marks.
Example: Reported statement (surname 34).
IB and MLA
MLA INTERNET ADDRESS
http://www.bibme.org/ (Manual entry mode)
MLA SAMPLES
Book [Multiple Authors]
1. Example 1 author
Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Warner Books, 1982.
2. Example 0 authors
American Renaissance. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2004.
3. Example 2 authors
Hopper, Henry, and Peter Gwunn. Fun With Physics. New York: Harper & Row, 1997.
4. Example 3 authors
Thompsen, Adam, Mary Jensen, and Dori Graham. Coexisting Under Stress. Chicago: New Age Press, 2005.
5. Example more than 3 authors
Adams, Barry, et al. Encyclopedia of Great Civilizations. New York: Shooting Star Press, 1994.
Book [Multiple Editors]
1. Example 1 editor
Bevington, David, ed. The Complete Works of Shakespeare. 3rd ed. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman, 1980.
2.Example 2 editors
David, Edward, and Frank Edwards, eds. Computers. New York: Harper Collins, 1994.
3. Example 3 editors
Abbot, Jack., Greg Brunning, and Matt Doren, eds. System Dynamics. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman, 2001.
4. Example more than 3 editors
Edwards, T., et al., eds. The Poetry of Edgar Allen Poe. New York: Newcastle Press, 2004.
Previously Published Book in a collection
Example:
Flowers, Betty S. "Wrestling with the Mother and Father: ‘His’ and ‘Her’ in Adrienne Rich." Private Voices, Public Lives: Women Speak on the Literary Life. Ed. Nancy Owen Nelson. N.p.: University of North Texas Press, 1995. 54-63. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Deborah Smith. Vol. 104. Detroit: Gale, 1982. 430-44.
Previously Published Journal In a collection
Example:
Spilka, Mark. "Of George and Lennie and Curley's Wife: Sweet Violence in Steinbeck's Eden." Modern Fiction Studies 65.3 (1974): 43-50. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Deborah Smith. Vol. 104. Detroit: Gale, 1982. 430-44.
Book - Anthology or Story Collection
Examples: Allende, Isabel. "Toad's Mouth." Reading Poetry: An Anthology of Poems. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: Random House, 1989. 41-47.
- Chase, Richard. "Old Christmas Eve." Grandfather Tales. Ed. H. L. Pick. New York: Viking, 1973. 58-60. Simon, Mark.
- "Understanding Gatsby." Readings on The Great Gatsby. Ed. Richard Morrow. Chicago: Chelsea House Publishing, 2001. 54-59.
Encyclopedia Article
Example - well-known encyclopedia, with author:
Gillingham, John. "Norman Conquest." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1998 ed.
Example - not well-known encyclopedia, no author:
"Origins of the Norse King Myth." Mythology of the Celts and Vikings Chicago: Gale, 2001.
Magazine Article
Example:
Crickmer, Barry. "Can We Control Spending?" Nation's Business Apr. 1993: 22-24.
Scholarly Journal Article
Example:
Clark, Herbert H., and Thomas H. Carlson. "Hearers and Speech Acts." Language 58 (1982): 332-373.
Newspaper Article
Example:
Schwartz, John. "Obesity Affects Economic, Social Status." Washington Post 30 Sep. 2003: A1, A4.
Bryant, Alfred. "Our Role in the U.N." Letter to the Editor. Oregonian [Portland, OR] 15 Dec. 1997: B7.
Online Database: Encyclopedia
Example - no author:
"Chiru." Funk and Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. 2002. EBSCOhost. Eugene Public Library, Eugene, OR. 15 Apr. 2003.
Example - with author:
Rogers, Frank. “Southern Flying Squirrel. “Encyclopedia of Animals. 2005. EBSCO Animals. EBSCOHost. Sprague H.S. Lib., Salem, OR. 15 Feb. 2004.
Online Database: Magazine
Example:
Schaller, George B. "Realm of the Snow Antelope." Natural History May 1996: 46-48. MAS Ultra - School Edition. EBSCOhost. South Eugene High School Lib., Eugene, OR. 15 Apr. 2003.
Online Database: Scholarly Journal
Example:
Borman, W.C. “Role of Early Development in Reading Skills.” Journal of Applied Psychology 78 (1998): 443-449. EBSCOhost. Benson H.S., Portland, OR. 21 May 2001 .
Online Database: Newspaper
Example:
Stern, Henry. "Pre-emptive Blitz Set to Meet Threat of West Nile." Oregonian [Portland, OR] 9 Apr. 2003. Newsbank. Roseburg High School, Roseburg, OR. 14 Apr. 2003.
Internet Encyclopedia Article
Example:
"Ernest Hemingway." MSN Encarta 27 Dec. 2005 .
Internet Magazine Article
Example:
Rivlin, Gary. "Leader of the Free World." Wired 11 Nov. 2003. Wired Magazine. 17 Feb. 2004
Example:
Bohannon, John. "The Human Genome in 3D, at Your Fingertips." Science 44 (2002): 735-737. 26 Jan. 2004 .
Internet: Newspaper Article
Example:
Stern, Henry. Pre-emptive Blitz Set to Meet Threat of West Nile." Oregonian [Portland, OR] 9 Apr. 2003. 14 Apr. 2003.
Internet: Personal Website
Example:
Pearl, Nancy. Pearl's Picks. 15 Jan. 2006. 6 May 2006.
Internet: Professional Website
Example:
Gough, Alex. "Charting Data at the Bottom of the World." O'Reilly Network - Articles. 4 May 2006. O'Reilly. 15 May 2006.
Electronic Image
Example:
Williams, Kathy. "Green Apples." Photograph. Kathy's Apples. 23 Feb. 2001. 29 May 2004.
Internet - Sound
Example:
Kennedy, John F. "The Kennedy Withdrawal." 2 Oct. 1963. White House Tapes.org. Miller Center of Public Affairs. 23 May 2005.
Internet Video Clip
Example:
Martin Luther King, Jr.: "I Have a Dream". 28 Aug. 1973. American Rhetoric. 2 Mar. 2001 .
Email
Examples:
Soja, Julie. "Re: Hubble Space Telescope image enhancement techniques." E-mail to the author. 23 Jan. 1997. Smith, Sandy. "Seattle Viaduct Alternatives." E-mail to Jane R. Doe. 17 Sep. 2005.
Internet - Online Posting/Blog
Example:
Merrian, Joanne. "Spinoff: Monsterpiece Theatre." Online posting. 30 Apr. 1994. Shakespeare. The Global Electronic Shakespeare Conf. 23 Sept. 2002 .
CD-ROM
Example:
"Spiders." Grolier's New Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Danbury: Grolier, 1996.
Video/DVD
Examples:
The Terminal. Dir. Steven Spielberg. With Tom Hanks and Catherine Zeta Jones. DVD. Dreamworks Video, 2004.
Interview
Examples:
Gates, Bill. Telephone interview. 15 Oct. 2003. Dreyer, Richard L. Personal interview. 24 Jan. 1992.